Ghana has formally legalized cryptocurrency trading after parliament passed the Virtual Asset Service Providers Bill into law, marking a major shift for one of West Africa’s most active digital asset markets.
The move ends years of legal uncertainty for users and businesses, but it also places the fast-growing sector under firm regulatory control for the first time.
Bank of Ghana Governor Johnson Asiama announced the development on December 19 during the central bank’s annual Nine Lessons, Carols, and Thanksgiving Service in Accra.
He said virtual asset trading is now lawful across the country and that people will no longer face arrest for engaging in crypto-related activity.
However, he stressed that legalization does not amount to an open-ended green light for the industry.
New Law Puts Ghana’s Crypto Market Under Watch
According to Asiama, the new law establishes a formal framework that allows the central bank to license, supervise, and monitor companies operating in the digital asset space.
He continued that the goal is to manage risks that previously went unchecked, including fraud, money laundering, and threats to financial stability. He said the absence of regulation in earlier years left users exposed and limited the authorities’ ability to intervene when problems arose.
The law gives the Bank of Ghana direct oversight over virtual asset service providers, introducing rules on transparency, accountability, and compliance.
Asiama said consumer protection is central to the framework and warned that crypto activity will now be subject to the same expectations of governance and supervision applied to other parts of the financial system.
Ghana’s decision reflects the reality on the ground, as despite the lack of formal approval in the past, crypto usage has been widespread.
Around three million adults, roughly 17% of the population, already use digital currencies for savings, payments, remittances, and business transactions.
Data from Web3 Africa Group shows crypto transactions in the country reached about $3 billion between July 2023 and June 2024, much of it taking place outside traditional banking channels.
Why Ghana Is Moving to Regulate a Rapidly Growing Crypto Market
The country has also emerged as a regional player in digital asset adoption. According to Chainalysis’ 2025 Geography of Cryptocurrency Report, the country ranked among the top five in Sub-Saharan Africa by total crypto value received between July 2024 and June 2025.
Over the same period, the region recorded more than $205 billion in on-chain value, a 52% increase year over year, making it one of the fastest-growing crypto markets globally.
Officials say the regulation is intended to balance innovation with stability.
Macroeconomic Stress Adds Urgency to Ghana’s Crypto Reforms
The regulatory push is also tied to macroeconomic pressures. Ghana’s cedi has experienced sharp swings, rising nearly 48% over the past year after falling about 25% in the previous 12 months.
With interest rates at 28% and inflation at 13.7% as of mid-2025, policymakers are seeking better visibility into currency flows that affect monetary policy, especially in an import-dependent economy where crypto payments have grown outside traditional banking channels.
The move aligns Ghana with a broader trend across Africa, where South Africa has approved dozens of crypto platform licenses while Kenya has also passed its own Virtual Asset Service Providers Bill, which is awaiting presidential approval.
Beyond market growth, the backdrop remains complex. Ghana continues to face deep economic challenges, with poverty projections for 2025 placing the national poverty rate above 30% under local measures.
Officials argue that stronger financial oversight, alongside legal reforms to the Bank of Ghana Act passed this year, is necessary to prevent governance lapses like those seen during the 2022 debt crisis.
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